The History of Cub Scouting
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THE EVOLUTION OF CUBBING
A 90 YEAR CHRONOLOGY
Boys participating in an experimental Cub program in 1925!
A "YOUNGER BOY PROGRAM" FOR A "YOUNGER BOY
PROBLEM"
The "Cubbing Program" was introduced by the Boy
Scouts of America in 1930, but its roots go all the way back to the first days
of Scouting. With the early success of the Boy Scouts for boys 12 and over,
there was popular demand for a "younger boy program" for the siblings
of Scouts. Because of concerns that a younger boy program might have a negative
effect on the fledgling Boy Scouts program, the BSA was very careful in their
dealings with this "younger boy problem." (See
Scouting Magazine article on "Cubbing" June 1930)
In 1916, Sir Robert Baden-Powell introduced the "Wolf
Cub" program for younger boys. This program soon found its way to numerous
communities in the Americas. There were also other 'younger boy' organizations
such as the "Little Lodge" of the "Woodcraft Indians," the
"Boy Pioneers," and the "Boy Rangers." Some BSA Boy Scout
Troops were also sponsoring unofficial "Junior Troops" and "Cadet
Corps."
Finally, after 20 years of Boy Scouting in America, "Cubbing"
was introduced! What has followed has been nothing short of phenomonal! Boasting
over 50,000,000 members since its inception, no program in history has had the
far ranging impact on American youth than Cubbing and Cub Scouting have!
The following is a condensed history of Cubbing in America.
From then, to now.......
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- 1910 Boy Scouts of America incorporated on February 8, national Executive
Board formed. Baden-Powell visited America to talk with leaders. President
Taft became the first honorary president of the BSA; the first honorary
vice-president was Theodore Roosevelt.
- 1911 At the urging of the national Executive Board of the BSA, Ernest
Thompson Seton develops prototype "Cubs of America" program with
"Cub Moms" and a motto of "We do our best." This program
was shelved due to a "tremendous upheaval" within the BSA.
- 1912 Boys' Life magazine became official publication.
- 1913 First local councils were chartered.
- 1916 Wolf Cubbing becomes an official part of the British Scouting with
the publication of Robert S. S. Baden-Powell's "The Wolf Cub
Handbook."
- 1918 Unofficial Wolf Cub Packs appear in Butte, MN, Stamford, CT, Paris TX
and other locations. James E. West, Chief Scout Executive, secured the
rights for the American printing of British Wolf Cub Handbook for sale to
unofficial US Wolf Cub packs. This book was sold by the BSA for 10 years
before the introduction of Cubbing.
- 1920 The first National Training Conference for Executives emphasized the
need for a younger boy program. First world jamboree in England.
- 1924 The national Executive Board proposes the "adoption of a younger
boy program at the earliest date, should be kept entirely distinct from
Scouting, should prepare for graduation into the Scout movement."
- 1925 William D. Murray was named chairman of a committee to look into the
younger boy program. Dr. John N. Finley and Dr. Jeremiah W. Jenks were named
to the committee. All were members of the BSA national Executive Board.
- 1926 First Silver Buffalo Award presentations made to Lord Baden-Powell
and to the unknown Scout whose Good Turn brought Scouting to America.
- 1927 A portion of a Laura Spelman Rockefeller grant of $50,000 supported
research and development project on the younger boy program. Dr. Huber
William Hurt was named full-time executive for the committee, which was to
"report to the national Executive Board at the earliest date."
- 1928 The fifth National Training Conference for Scout Executives held at
Cornell University generated intense interest in the younger boy program.
Experimental Cub units were started in each of the 12 regions of the
National Council. In all, 106 locations were sanctioned for experimental Cub
units across the nation.
- 1929 Demonstration Cub units were approved by the national Executive
Board. The Hurt committee prepared its definitive report and worked on the
first Cub publications.
- 1930 The national Executive Board heard the Hurt committee Report and
approved the Cub program "controlled experiment" as of February
10. They authorized Cub packs to register with BSA starting April 1 for
those packs qualifying under "special permit" requirements to
assure adequate resources and leadership. Dr. Hurt and the committee were to
monitor the program through its experimental stages. Cub books were issued
including: Wolf, Bear, Lion, Parents' Cub Book, and Cub Leader's Outline.
Uniforms for boys were issued ($6.05 complete) and 5,102 boys and 1,433 pack
leaders in 243 packs were registered during the first year.
- 1931 At the end of the second year 25,662 boys were registered in Cub
packs in 258 councils across the nation with 5,228 registered pack leaders.
First Silver Beaver Awards.
- 1932 First Cubmaster's Pack Book and Den Chiefs Den Book. Cubbing policies
were published. By the end of the third year, 44,083 boys and 8,060 pack
leaders registered.
- 1933 "Experimental" restrictions were removed as of May 25th;
Cubbing to be "aggressively promoted as a part of the Boy Scout
program." Cub Leaders'Roundtable publications issued for pack leaders.
Registration for the fourth year: 51,884 boys and 7,542 leaders were
registered. The Schiff Scout Reservation is formally opened.
- 1934 Cubbing had 64,739 boys and 8,269 leaders registered during the fifth
year.
- 1935 William C. Wessel became the second director of the program
succeeding Dr. Hurt on January 2. Cub Leader's Roundtable and Scouting
publications were sent to all registered pack leaders. Local Cubbing
advisory committees were encouraged. "Leader-of-leader" training
was made available. The Cubbing program judged "excellent in every
field of operation," including graduation to Scouting. Registrations:
82,373 boys and 12,843 leaders. This is the first year the Cubbing program
was reported to the Congress of the United States.
- 1936 Registrations of den mothers was made "optional"; before
this year, it was not permitted. Smocks available for den mothers. C. Walter
Seamans named assistant director of Cubbing. Cubbing reached 10 percent of
the total of all boys registered in the Scouting program. Registrations:
114,515 boys and 19,296 pack leaders.
- 1937 The Pack Financial Record Book was developed and the "Pack
Thrift Plan" was introduced. Full year planning calendar was issued.
First Den Mother's Den Book. Registrations: 147,418 boys and 23,232, pack
leaders. Cubmobiles (Soap Box Derby) racers introduced.
- 1938 First International Cub Leader's Conference at Gilwell Park, England.
Bobcat pin introduced (for civilian wear). Den mother's badge approved. New
den chiefs shoulder cord. Cub advancement record introduced. The How Book of
Cubbing published. Registrations: 182,514 boys and 34,117 pack leaders.
Waite Phillips made a gift of land in New Mexico now known as Philmont Scout
Ranch.
- 1939 Cubbing Guidebook and new manual for den mother training were
produced. A cub literature bulletin outlined all of the publications
available to pack leaders. Donald C. Green appointed Assistant Director of
Cubbing. Registrations: 234,953 boys and 42,009 pack leaders. Pow-wows and
roundtables began in many councils.
- 1940 John M. Bierer became the second chairman of the National Cubbing
Committee, succeeding Dr. William D. Murray. Themes were introduced into the
Cubbing program. "Summer Program" pamphlet issued, Cub pow wows
were introduced as a training medium. "Your Boy" promotion. Cub
"Goodwill" emphasis. Den chief training course launched. Gerald A.
Speedy was named assistant director. Registrations: 286,402 boys and 49,161
pack leaders.
- 1941 The Webelos rank was created for 11-1/2-year-old boys with the Lion
badge. Accumulated badges could be worn on uniforms. A set of 10 pack
organizations charts was issued for pack leader training. Registrations:
335,775 boys and 56,691 pack leaders.
- 1942 Cubbing participated in the support of the national war emergency.
Registrations: 373,813 boys and 65,775 leaders. Boys were allowed rank
corresponding to age if late entry into the program (no need for
"catch-up.")
- 1943 First blue and gold banquet. Packs sell War Bonds and War Stamps.
During the year 442,853 boys and 80,458 leaders were registered in the
program. First Silver Antelope Awards.
- 1944 A shortage of literature and uniforms due to wartime priorities.
Packs collect grease, newspapers, and milkweed floss. Many packs had Victory
Garden programs. Registrations: 574,605 boys and 104,211 pack leaders.
- 1945 "Cubbing" changed to "Cub Scouting." New bars for
denners and assistant denners. World Friendship Fund established.
Registrations: 695,014 boys and 141,468 leaders.
- 1946 Registrations: 759,829 boys and 175,425 leaders.
- 1947 Uniform revision: long trousers for boys. Scouting magazine carried
program outlines for leaders for the first time. Registrations: 819,487 boys
and 215,485 pack leaders.
- 1948 All den mothers must register with BSA (optional before).
Registrations: 887,215 boys and 261,563 leaders.
- 1949 William C. Wessel, director of Cub Scouting, died. Gerald A. Speedy
was named the director, and in November Marlin Sieg was named as assistant
director. The age levels for Cub Scouting were changed to 8, 9, and 10 with
boys entering Boy Scouting at 11 years of age. A re-study of the achievement
program was ordered. At the end of its 20th year, Cub Scouting pierced the
million mark for the first time with 1,142,079 boys registered and 317,057
pack leaders, a 25 percent gain in enrollment.
- 1950 A second international gathering of Cub leaders was held in Edinburqh,
Scotland. A new Cub Scout leader training plan included eight training
subjects utilizing film strip, illustrations, and cartoons. Scouting
Magazine increased its Cub Scouting coverage from one to eight pages. The
registrations during the year reached 1,263,658 boys and 385,342 pack
leaders
- 1951 The Wolf Book was revised to the reading level of the 8-year-old boy.
Other new literature: Den Chief Training and 10 Steps to Pack Organization.
First Philmont Cub Scout Conference stressed basic ideas, policies, and
procedures. Registrations during the year climbed to 1,339,861 boys and
440,348 pack leaders.
- 1952 O. W. (Bud) Bennett named director of Cub Scouting; and Marlin S.
Sieg was assistant. Philmont Cub Scouting course was opened to women. BSA
theme: "Forward on Liberty's Team." Registrations during the year:
1,472,955 boys and 502,388 pack leaders.
- 1953 First 'un-official' Pinewood Derby run on May 15 by Pack 280c under
Cubmaster Don Murphy. Den Chief Conference Plan approved and released. Cub
Scout advisory group studied the Webelos Den Plan. Cub Scouts donate 2,889
pennies for Korean Scouts plus "tons" of used uniforms.
Registrations: 1,606,249 boys, 570,751 pack leaders.
- 1954 Robert N. Gibson named chairman of the National Cub Scout Committee.
Webelos den created for 10-1/2-year-old boys. New Webelos den badge. Lion
badge changed to Lion Webelos. Pack numerals colors were changed. Minimum
age for den mothers and assistant cubmasters changed from 18 to 21. Den
Chiefs Training Conference booklet printed.
- 1955'Official' Pinewood Derbies introduced. New den mother's uniform skirt
and blouse offered. New Webelos pin approved for Cub civilian wear. New Cub
Scout pocket piece. New training posters. Backyard USA, published for
summertime activities, illustrated by Bud Bennett. Revised Den Mother's Den
Book and Den Chiefs Den Book. Cub Scouting pierced the two million mark for
the first time: registration reached 2,050,625 boys and 753,892 pack
leaders.
- 1956 Webelos day camp program introduced. Webelos advancement chart
available. Den Mother's Training Award introduced. First Cub Scouting books
in braille for the handicapped. Cub Scout Fun Book and Pack Committee
pamphlet published. BSA Theme: "Onward for God and My Country."
Registrations: 2,346,090 boys and 879,253 leaders.
- 1957 Emphasis on Cub Scouting for the handicapped boy is increased. Bike
safety highlighted. George C. Frickel appointed assistant director of Cub
Scouting. Registered Cub Scouts subscribing to Boys' Life was 34 percent.
Registrations: 2,540,691 boys and 96,498 pack leaders.
- 1958 New Cub Scout sports electives include skating and skiing. New
Webelos Den Book with meeting outline helps for Webelos den leaders. Parent
Review Party Kit prepared to bolster family participation in Cub Scouting.
Registrations: 2,695,124 boys and 1,010,886 leaders.
- 1959 H. H. Coffield named chairman of the national Cub Scout Committee.
Bobcat Pin introduced for the uniform. Cub Scout Water Fun Book issued to
help dads with dad/son activities. In 47,286 packs, there were 1,006,969
leaders serving 2,691,153 boys.
- 1960 The Golden Jubilee of Scouting and 30th anniversary of Cub Scouting
in the U.S., special coin and patches issued. BSA theme: "For God and
Country." Commemorative tribute in Washington D.C. from funds
contributed by Cub Scouts and Scouts across the nation. First den mother's
conference held at Schiff Scout Reservation, N.J. Registrations: 2,762,480
boys and 1,026,480 pack leaders.
- 1961 Den mother's training program at Schiff. A comprehensive survey of
the complete Cub Scout program was initiated with Research Service
spearheading this effort under the direction of Kenneth Wells.
Registrations: 2,752,027 boys and 1,016,764 pack leaders.
- 1962 F. Brittain Kennedy named chairman of the national Cub Scout
Committee. Registrations in Cub Scouting reached 2,819,752 boys and 1,02
9,100 pack leaders.
- 1963 Cub Scout Advisory Group considered many uniform variants, but
recommended only the den mother's tie as an alternate to the neckerchief.
Registrations were 2,841,958 boys and 1,028,073 pack leaders.
- 1964 The National Summertime Award is created to encourage year-round Cub
Scouting. Cub Scout Swim Plan introduced. Registrations: 2,915,972 boys and
1,044,180 leaders.
- 1965 Cub Scouting broke through the three million mark for the first time
with registrations during the year reaching 3,031,137 boys and 1,075,863
pack leaders.
- 1966 Cub Scouting survey results felt in the deliberations of the national
Cub Scout Committee. Kenneth L. Miller named assistant director of Cub
Scouting. This is the Jubilee year for the British Wolf Cub program.
Registrations in Cub Scouting reached 3,115,002 boys and 1,130,153 pack
leaders.
- 1967 The Cub Scout Advancement Program was overhauled. The Lion rank was
discontinued in favor of the new Webelos Scout program with its distinctive
uniform and 15 activity badges. William R. Jackson named chairman of the
national Cub Scout Committee. Registrations reached 3,280,955 boys and
1,261,815 pack leaders.
- 1968 Cub Scout day camps were approved by the National Executive Board.
Membership fees were increased to $2 for adults and $1 for boys. National
staff included 0. W. (Bud) Bennett, director; Marlin S. Seig and Edmond T.
Hesser, assistants. Registrations: 3,467,738 boys and 1,261,815 pack
leaders.
- 1969 First women were appointed to the national Cub Scout Committee. Total
registrations in Cub Scouting hovered just short of five million people
3,602,688 boys and 1,284,363 pack leaders. J. Bowling Wills named chairman
of the national Cub Scout Committee.
- 1970 Donald J. Parry, vice-chairman of the national Cub Scout Committee,
acted as interim chairman. Bud Bennett retired as director of Cub Scouting.
Summertime pack awards were stressed. Project SOAR (Save Our American
Resources) was launched throughout Scouting. Forty-two councils held Cub
Scout day camps during the summer. Registrations in Cub Scouting reached of
3,664,287 boys and 1,273,980 pack leaders.
- 1971 Robert L. Untch named director of Cub Scouting; Donald H. Flanders,
chairman of the national Cub Scout Committee. The Cub Scout Promise was
changed from "to be square' to "to help other people." The
Silver Fawn Award, for lady Scouters, was introduced at the council level.
Total registrations pierced the five million mark: at 3,742,411 boys and
1,268,367 pack leaders.
- 1972 First national Den Leader Coach Conference at Schiff Scout
Reservation, New Jersey. New embroidered badges for Bobcat, Wolf, Bear,
Webelos. Cub Scout Day Camp manual printed. During the year, 3,763,202 boys
and 2,255,526 leaders were registered.
- 1973 Achievements and electives updated. New Webelos leader and Cubmaster
neckerchiefs. Cub Scout Leadership Development kit introduced. C. Joseph
Nelson named associate director of Cub Scouting. Registrations: 3,762,367
boys and 1,214,882 leaders.
- 1974 Safe Bicycle Driving Program and Cub Scout Physical Fitness Program
introduced and emphasized. First regional Cub Scout chairman training at
Philmont. Silver Fawn Award discontinued in favor of the Silver Beaver Award
for both men and women. Registrations: 3,513,746 boys and 1,097,267 leaders.
- 1975 Cub Scout Day Camp School introduced. Webelos transition program
launched. "Learn to Swim" program promoted. New literature for the
leaders of handicapped Cub Scouts. Den chiefs cord repositioned on the
uniform. Registrations: 3,121,035 boys and 1,065,719 pack leaders.
- 1976 First national Cub Scout Trainer Wood Badge course in US. conducted.
The God and Family and Metta Awards introduced for religious recognition in
Cub Scouting. Dress uniforms redesigned for adults. National Executive Board
approves women as Cubmasters and assistant Cubmasters. Cub Scout Family Book
prepared. Cub Scout Family Award is designed. Russell A. Williams named
associate director of Cub Scouting. Registrations: 2,887,791 boys and 1,001,
134 pack leaders.
- 1977 Dr. Rodney H. Brady named chairman of the national Cub Scout
Committee. Cub Scout program year changed to coincide with the school year
Cub Scout day camp inspections made mandatory. First regional Cub Scout
Trainers Wood Badge courses held (six during the year). Audrey F. Clough
named associate director of Cub Scouting. Registrations: 2,736,955 boys and
961,301 leaders.
- 1978 Five ranks established for Cub Scouting: Bobcat, Wolf, Bear, Webelos,
Arrow of Light. Training awards updated. Family camping encouraged. W. Boyd
Giles named associate director of Cub Scouting. Long Range Planning
Committee for Cub Scouting appointed. 50th Anniversary Year of Cub Scouting
set for 1980 and a Jubilee committee appointed. Registrations: 2,795,051
boys and 962,565 leaders.
- 1979 Wolf Book rewritten. New Bear neckerchief. Family Vacation Training
Project. Cub Scout Trainers Wood Badge course approved as standard training.
Burts J. Kennedy named associate director of Cub Scouting. National Council
moved its offices to Texas. National Cub Scout Committee prepares for the
Jubilee Year in 1980. Fiftieth anniversary literature included Council and
District Plan, Public Relations Plan, and Guidebook For Packs. Registrations
during the year: 2,721,415 boys and 913,270 leaders.
- 1980 The 50th anniversary of Cub Scouting in the United States. The 30
millionth Cub Scout since 1930 was registered. New designer uniforms for
boys and leaders. Cub Scout Family Award now standard. New Den Chief
Handbook and Low Income and Hispanic Cub Scout books. Family Forum
introduced. International tour for Cub Scout leaders to England. Cub Scout
Jason Sherman visited the White House on behalf of over 1.8 million Cub
Scouts. First National Blue and Gold Banquet at National Council meeting,
New Orleans. All packs participate in the Jubilee celebration. A total of
410 councils held 1,800 Cub Scout day camps for over 300,000 boys.
Registered during the year: 2,715,341 boys and 889,958 pack leaders.
- 1981 Cub Scouts visited a national Scout jamboree for the first time at
Fort A.P. Hill, Virginia. International tour of Cub Scout leaders to
England. Glendon E. Johnson named chairman of the national Cub Scout
Committee. Registrations during the year were: 2,569,223 boys and 847,166
pack leaders.
- 1982 The 75th anniversary of World Scouting. Tiger Cubs, BSA, was
introduced at the national meeting in Atlanta. E. 0. "Robbie"
Robinson named associate director of Cub Scouting. Robert L. Untch retired
as director of Cub Scouting. Peter W. Hummel named chairman of the national
Cub Scout Committee. Registrations during the year were: 2,604,351 boys and
829,199 pack leaders.
- 1983 Jack Billington was named director of Cub Scouting. Ernest R.
"Tommy" Thomas, Jr., named associate director of Cub Scouting.
Registrations during the year were: 2,513,725 boys and 805,658 pack leaders.
- 1984 Extended camping was approved for Webelos Scouts. New sports program
for Cub Scouts developed. The Big Bear Cub Scout Book was introduced.
Registrations during the year were: 2,483,950 boys and 805,237 pack leaders.
- 1985 The 75th anniversary of the Boy Scouts of America; 55th anniversary
of Cub Scouting. International tour of Cub Scout leaders to England. New
sports program introduced for Cub Scouts. Registrations during the year
were: 2,168,487 boys and 682,882 pack leaders.
- 1986 Boy Scouts of America took a new and dramatic step to serve boys in
all school grades. Membership requirements for Tiger Cubs and Cub Scouts
became primarily based on grade in school, rather than age. The plan was
expanded to included first-grade boys as Tiger Cubs and second-grade boys as
Wolf Cub Scouts. The program included plans for expanding Webelos Scouting
to 2 years for fourth- and fifth-graders. In the first 4 months of the
expanded program, Cub Scout membership increased by 14.3 percent compared to
the previous year. Stan Levingston named chairman of the national Cub Scout
Committee. Revised Wolf Cub Scout Book introduced. Registrations during the
year were: 2,466,707 boys and 793,856 pack leaders.
- 1987 Boy Scouts of America began to address five ''unacceptables'' in
American society-drug abuse, hunger, child abuse, illiteracy, and youth
unemployment. The nation's largest anti-drug abuse education campaign was
launched with the release of eight million copies of a booklet titled Drugs:
A Deadly Game for members, chartered organizations, schools, and local
institutions. Cub Scout leaders received Fast Start videos that discussed
their positions. A new edition of the Webelos Scout Book, featuring five new
activity badges boys could earn, was published. More Cub Scouts and Boy
Scouts went camping this year; total camping participation rose to 817,582
youths, an increase of 8 percent over that of 1986. Vittz-James Ramsdell
named chairman of the national Cub Scout Committee.
- 1988 Largest national Good Turn since World War II was held in November
when Scouting for Food sent the BSA's youth and adult leaders into their
neighborhoods to collect food for the needy. The harvest was more than 60
million containers of food.A 2-year Webelos Scouting program was introduced;
for the first time fourth-graders were eligible to become Webelos Scouts.
Henceforth, both fourth- and fifth-graders could participate in Webelos
Scouting to prepare for Boy Scouting. Resident camping for Cub Scouts was
approved, and many councils opened weeklong camps for Cub Scouts while
continuing to operate Cub Scout day camps.
- 1989 Cub Scouting instituted a ''Renewal Plan for Separated Cub Scouts''
to invite dropouts back into the program. Local councils that tried the plan
reported a 40 to 50 percent return of dropouts. The BSA continued its attack
on the "unacceptables." The second annual Scouting for Food drive
netted 72 million containers of food for the nation's needy. A new package
of materials for Drugs: A Deadly Game was distributed. It included an
18-page brochure, a comic book-style true story of a Drug Enforcement
Administration agent, a body chart showing the effects of drugs, alcohol,
and smoking on the human body, and a teacher's guide. Advice for preventing
sexual abuse of children was incorporated into all training of adult
Scouters.
- 1991 Cub Scouting introduced two programs: Ethics in Action to promote
ethical decision making, and the BSA family program to strengthen the family
from within. Membership grew for the tenth consecutive year in Tiger Cubs,
BSA; participation increased in Cub Scouting's day, family, and resident
camping.
- 1992 A Cub Scout Academics program is debuted.
- 1993 A new Train-the-Trainer Conference manual was produced to train the
people who train leaders in Cub Scouting. Cub Scout camping drew nearly
573,000 youth, including 5,000 new campers.
- 1997 Cub Scouting membership - Tiger Cubs, Cub Scouts, and Webelos Scouts
- grew to more than 2.1 million, an increase of 2.7 percent and the third
consecutive year of growth. The percentage of trained Cub Scout adult
leaders increased to 40 percent, a gain of 9 percent over 1996. Cub Scout
day, resident, and family camping continued to grow in popularity, with more
than 38 percent of members - almost 570,000 boys - participating in one of
these outdoor experiences.
- 1998 Cub Scouting membership - Tiger Cubs, Cub Scouts, and Webelos Scouts
- grew to more than 2.17 million. This increase marks our fourth consecutive
year of growth. The percentage of trained Cub Scout adult leaders increased
8 percent over 1997 figures. Cub Scout day, resident, and family camping
continued to grow in popularity, with almost 39 percent of members - more
than 583,000 boys - participating in one of these outdoor experiences. New
Wolf and Bear handbooks introduced.
- 1999 New Webelos Book introduced. Cub Sports and Academics program
modified and re-named Cub Scout Academics and Sports program. Garfield (the
cat) named as national Cub Scouting 'spokescat.'
- 2000 Cub Scout Trainer Wood Badge discontinued.
Copyright 2001, PACK 1022 Conant Elementary
School
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